ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in Mianyang City in ten years after Wenchuan earth-quake, so as to provide the experiences for schistosomiasis control post-disaster. Methods The data of implementation of schistosomiasis control work in ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake were collected and analyzed for the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Mianyang City. Meanwhile, the awareness situation on schistosomiasis control of villagers and students was investigated by questionnaires in 2008 and 2015. Results All of the 6 counties (cities, districts) with schistosomiasis endemic in Mianyang City were hit by the earthquake disaster. After the disaster, the measurements including the conventional schistosomiasis control measures, the control of exogenous infection sources, the control of Oncomelania hupensis snails, and health education were carried out. The relevant departments of schistosomiasis control were cooperated to implement the prevention and control measures. The schistosomiasis prevalence of population and the snail condition rose in the year of the earthquake, but then declined year by year. In 2015, the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control of both villagers and the students were significantly improved compared with those in 2008. Conclusion The measures of schistosomiasis control after the earthquake disaster are effective in Mianyang City, and the goal to prevent major plague after the earthquake is achieved.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in Mianyang City in ten years after Wenchuan earth-quake, so as to provide the experiences for schistosomiasis control post-disaster. Methods The data of implementation of schistosomiasis control work in ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake were collected and analyzed for the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Mianyang City. Meanwhile, the awareness situation on schistosomiasis control of villagers and students was investigated by questionnaires in 2008 and 2015. Results All of the 6 counties (cities, districts) with schistosomiasis endemic in Mianyang City were hit by the earthquake disaster. After the disaster, the measurements including the conventional schistosomiasis control measures, the control of exogenous infection sources, the control of Oncomelania hupensis snails, and health education were carried out. The relevant departments of schistosomiasis control were cooperated to implement the prevention and control measures. The schistosomiasis prevalence of population and the snail condition rose in the year of the earthquake, but then declined year by year. In 2015, the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control of both villagers and the students were significantly improved compared with those in 2008. Conclusion The measures of schistosomiasis control after the earthquake disaster are effective in Mianyang City, and the goal to prevent major plague after the earthquake is achieved.
ABSTRACT
Epigenetic changes refer to stable alterations in gene expression with no underlying modifications in the genetic sequence itself. It has become clear that not only gene variations but also epigenetic modifications may contribute to varied diseases, including cancer. This review will provide an overview of how epigenetic factors, including genomic DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA regulation, contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) dissemination, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, the reversal of dysregulated epigenetic changes has emerged as a potential strategy for the treatment of HCC, and we will summarize the latest epigenetic therapies for HCC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Genetics , DNA Methylation , Genetics , Epigenesis, Genetic , Genetics , Liver Neoplasms , Genetics , MicroRNAs , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the characteristics of pulmonary infection and its risk factors after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 250 cases having liver transplantations from April 2001 to August 2005 were retrospectively studied in order to analyse the differences between patients with and without pulmonary infection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-seven (57/250, 22.8%) recipients had 72 episodes of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation. Bacterial infection was the most common followed by fungal infection (13/72, 18.1%), and cytomegalovirus infection (12/72, 16.7%). There were 36 episodes of pulmonary infection caused by one kind of bacteria, 5 episodes by two kinds of bacteria and 6 episodes by multiple kinds of bacteria. Seven episodes of fungal infection were accompanied with bacterial infection, and three episodes of cytomegalovirus infection were accompanied with bacterial infection simultaneously. The 1-, 2- and 3- year survival rates were 71.9%, 61.4%, and 53.4% of the patients with pulmonary infection and 93.1%, 75.8%, and 67.2% of those without the infection. Logistic regression analysis suggested that preoperative infection, mechanical ventilation > 12 hours, a long duration of the operation, total volume of blood transfusion during operation >1000 ml, reoperation after OLT, postoperative pleural effusion and the duration of stay in the intensive care unit were independent risk factors of pulmonary infection after OLT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bacterial infections were the main pulmonary infection after OLT and the infections caused by multiple pathogens or multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria were seen more frequently. The risk factors of pulmonary infection should be controlled to decrease the infection rate after OLT. It is important to make a correct diagnosis for pulmonary infection after OLT and use appropriate antibiotics as soon as possible.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bacterial Infections , Liver Transplantation , Logistic Models , Lung Diseases , Microbiology , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effects of different therapies on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombi (PVTT), and to study the factors that affected the prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty eight HCC with PVTT patients, whose liver function was compensatory and both tumor and PVTT could probably be resected together as evaluated by preoperative examinations, were divided into four groups: 1. conservative treatment group (n = 14); 2. chemotherapy group (n = 41); 3. surgical resection group (n = 19); 4. surgical resection with postoperative chemotherapy group (n = 64).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median survival periods in four groups were 3.5, 7.1, 10.1 and 13.4 months, respectively. The half a year-, 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates in the surgical resection with postoperative chemotherapy group were 53.7%, 37.6%, 30.7% and 14.0%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis both revealed that the number of chemotherapy courses affected the effect of surgical resection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>1. If patients' liver function is compensatory and tumors with PVTT can be removed together, exploration should be done. Surgical resection followed by postoperative chemotherapy would produce the best clinical result. 2. If patients' liver function is permissible, multiple chemotherapeutic courses should be given after resection of HCC with PVTT.</p>